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Why do fullers extend onto the tang of the sword?

Why do fullers extend onto the tang of the sword?

Since the 7th-8th centuries, swords with fullers almost always have them extending onto the tang. Modern theories suggest several explanations:

I. Reducing the sword’s weight – Unlikely, as the weight saved in this area is minimal.
II. Securing the crossguard – This method was used on some early swords with thin crossguards but is not a universal explanation.
III. Locking the wooden grip – Rarely observed and not supported by sufficient evidence as a primary reason.

Historical context:

Early swords were made from mixed steels for better durability, and fullers played a crucial role in strengthening the blade. By the XI century, with improved steel quality, fullers became deeper and more prominent, while tangs grew thicker and more robust.

The real reason:

A fuller extending onto the tang strengthens the connection between the blade and the hilt by distributing stress and reducing vibrations. This is especially important in the transition area, which experiences the most mechanical strain during use.

Medieval craftsmen relied on practical, time-tested techniques, and the design of their swords reflects a deep understanding of durability and structural integrity.

 
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